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A agricultura e o sistema alimentar do novo capitalismo. Infoteca-e
LOPES, M. A..
O capitalismo e a agricultura moderna que dele emergiu ajudaram a tirar milhões de pessoas da pobreza, produzindo inovações que melhoraram de forma marcante os padrões de vida e o bem-estar humano no último século. A Revolução Verde, na segunda metade do século 20, bem ilustra o impacto do capitalismo industrial no campo. Houve um vasto aumento na produção agrícola devido à incorporação de cultivos de alto rendimento, mecanização das lavouras, amplo uso de fertilizantes químicos e proteção de plantas com defensivos. Ainda assim, cresce a percepção de que o atual paradigma de capitalismo já não atende as necessidades do presente e muito menos nos habilita ao enfrentamento de riscos que poderão emergir do futuro. O texto apresenta estas e outras reflexões...
Tipo: Artigo de divulgação na mídia (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Novo capitalismo; Análise de Ciclo de Vida; Corporate governance; Agronegócio; Risco; Environment; Environmental governance; Social environment.
Ano: 2021 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1137707
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A bioüzemanyag-gyártás nemzetközi összefüggései AgEcon
Popp, Jozsef.
A dráguló olajár „felszínre hozta” a fosszilis energiahordozók környezetbarát energiahordozókkal való kiváltásának problémáját. Az olajkészletek korlátozottsága mellett a bizonytalan kitermelés és a folyamatosan növekvő árak a bioüzemanyagok felé irányítják a politikai döntéshozók és a befektetők figyelmét. Az olajimportőr országoknak a bioüzemanyag-gyártás nyersanyagainak hazai termelése lehetővé teszi importköltségeik visszafogását, az üvegházhatást okozó gázok kibocsátásának csökkentését, valamint a mezőgazdasági termelők jövedelem-színvonalának javítását. A bioüzemanyagok elterjedése ugyanakkor enyhíti a kapacitása határán dolgozó olajfinomító ipar üzemanyag-ellátási terheit is, ami jelentős mértékben hozzájárul(t) az üzemanyagárak emelkedéséhez. Ma...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Bioüzemanyag; Közlekedés; Környezetvédelem; Energiaellátás; Élelmiszer-termelés; Biofuel; Transportation; Environment; Energy supply; Food production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57723
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A Dynamic Approach to the FDI-Environment Nexus: The Case of China and India AgEcon
Baek, Jungho; Koo, Won W..
The cointegration analysis and a vector error-correction (VEC) model are applied to examine the short- and long-run relationships among foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth, and the environment in China and India. The results show that FDI inflow plays a pivotal role in determining the short- and long-run movement of economic growth through capital accumulation and technical spillovers in the two countries. However, FDI inflow in both countries is found to have a detrimental effect on environmental quality in both the short- and long-run, supporting pollution haven hypothesis. Finally, it is found that, in the short-run, there exists a unidirectional causality from FDI inflow to economic growth and the environment in China and India - a change...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: China; Cointegration analysis; Environment; FDI; India; Vector error-correction; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6508
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A hazai húsmarhatartás környezeti értékelése és externáliáinak vizsgálata benchmarking módszerrel AgEcon
Bakosne Borocz, Maria; Fogarassy, Csaba.
Benchmarking alkalmazásával vizsgáltuk a hazánkban alkalmazott marhatartási technológiákat annak érdekében, hogy valamilyen módon az externális hatásokat be lehessen mutatni. A vizsgálataink eredménye, hogy a hagyományos technológia mellett található a legtöbb negatív externália, míg az extenzív, és az ökológiai tartásmód externális, valamint környezeti szempontból is a legjobb megoldást jelenti. ------------------------------ In our study we reviewed the conditions of extensive agricultural farming and its benefits based on environmental criteria. Furthermore we examined its external effects, which may affect the agriculture and the meat cattle breeding. Beef fattening, when done intensively, can cause huge environmental problems which may cause negative...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Húsmarha; Extenzív; Benchmarkig; Környezet; Externália; Beef cattle; Extensive; Benchmarking; Environment; Externalities; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119900
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A Multicommodity EU Policy Framework Incorporating Public Good Criteria into the Direct Payment System in Agriculture AgEcon
Dunne, W.; O'Connell, J.J..
For decades the CAP has been the major influence in shaping EU agriculture and food production. The economic and policy environment in the EU is now very different from that which prevailed in the earlier decades. The future economic, social and geographic diversity of the EU will be further increased by enlargement. Agricultural policies and the related operational frameworks will inevitably change to accommodate this added diversity and the changing societal and consumer values. This paper evaluates how the current shape of EU agriculture has been influenced by the reforms to date. It also attempts to focus on where EU farming may be, or wish to go, over the next decade. The evaluation is restricted to the beef sector as it has been to the forefront in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Direct payments for public goods; Animal welfare; Environment; Food safety; Production methods; Extensive production; Economic; Social and geographic diversity; Future role of farming; An administrative framework.; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24801
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A novel method to optimize culture conditions for biomass and sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria Bassiana IBC1201 BJM
Gao,Li.
Biomass yields and sporulation of Beauveria bassiana was concerned on culture conditions, environmental factors and cultivation method. We optimized the best culture conditions for biomass yields of B. bassiana IBC1201 with the novel "two-stage" cultivation method as well as orthogonal matrix method. Firstly, we cultured spore suspension on the basal medium (sucrose 19.00 g, soy peptone 4.06 g, K2HPO4 1.00 g, KCl 0.50 g, MgSO4 0.50 g, FeSO4 0.10 g and 17.00 g Bactor) for the first stage culture of 4 days under room condition. Then, we transferred them to another defined medium (Cellobiose 9.52 g, urea 1.70 g, ZnSO4•7H2O 0.05 g/L, MnSO4•H2O 0.005 g/L, CaCl2 1.00 g/L, CuSO4•5H2O 0.05 g/L and 17.00 g Bactor) for more 4 days cultivation with the environmental...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Nutrition; Environment; Biomass; Sporulation; Beauveria bassiana.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822011000400045
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A PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE LINKAGES BETWEEN ANIMAL WELFARE, TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN SCOTLAND AgEcon
Toma, Luiza; Ashworth, Cheryl J.; Stott, Alistair W..
This research analyses the impacts of a scientific advance that improves animal welfare, upon the environment and trade in Scotland using partial equilibrium (PE) modelling. The science improves pig neonatal survival through improved (high fibre) sow diets used before mating. Our model simulates the effects of animal welfare changes on the pig production systems (pig meat) and further on trade flows (trade in pig meat) and environment (water and air pollution). We consider two animal welfare simulation scenarios, namely the status quo – no animal welfare change as regards pig neonatal mortality (baseline scenario) and the case of improving pig neonatal survival (alternative scenario) and compare the impacts on trade and environment between the two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Pig Welfare; Trade; Environment; Scotland; Partial Equilibrium Model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q50.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44825
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A Participatory Modeling Process to Capture Indigenous Ways of Adaptability to Uncertainty: Outputs From an Experiment in West African Drylands Ecology and Society
d'Aquino, Patrick; CIRAD; daquino@cirad.fr; Bah, Alassane; UMISCO ESP UCAD Dakar; alassane.bah@gmail.com.
Over the centuries, local communities have shaped atypical rules to deal with the uncertainty of their environment. They have developed complex prototypes for flexible overlapping institutions and arrangements to adapt their rules and uses to their uncertain environment. Today, this indigenous way of flexibly institutionalizing access rules could provide blueprints for dealing with uncertainty issues resulting from global change as well as designing practical guidelines for implementing resilient management. However, transforming indigenous skills for developing institutional flexibility into operational management rules that are appropriate in the current environmental and socioeconomic context is a huge challenge. However, communities could easily...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Environment; Indigenous knowledge; Management; Modeling; Participation; Sahel; Senegal; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013
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A questao ambiental na utilizacao de dejetos de suinos como fertilizante do solo. Infoteca-e
SEGANFREDO, M. A..
Caracteristicas gerais da suinocultura catarinense e a problematica dos dejetos de suinos; Alternativas de reciclagem; A utilizacao dos dejetos de suinos como fertilizante do solo; A sustentabilidade dos sistemas adubados com dejetos de suinos; A situacao em outros paises onde se utiliza dejetos de suinos como fertilizante do solo; Prejuizos causados pela aplicacao de ezcessivas quantidades de dejetos ao solo; Algumas causas da demora na percepcao dos efeitos adversos da adubacao com dejetos de suinos; Qual o limite, quando se pode aplicar em cada solo?.
Tipo: Circular Técnica (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Fertilizante organico; Waste; Organic fertilizer; Dejeto; Meio Ambiente; Suíno; Environment; Swine.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/437664
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A Review of Two Payment Schemes for Watershed Services from China and Vietnam: the Interface of Government Control and PES Theory Ecology and Society
Kolinjivadi, Vijay K; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); vijay.kolinjivadi@mail.mcgill.ca; Sunderland, Terry; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); T.Sunderland@cgiar.org.
China and Vietnam have developed some of the most ambitious payments for ecosystem services (PES) initiatives for watershed conservation and forest management. These include the Sloping Land Conversion Programme in China and pilot projects designed to implement Decision 380 and the subsequent national PES law in Vietnam. This study reviews how these two government-driven initiatives are achieving their environment and development objectives in terms of their institutional arrangements, implementation in practice, and sustainability prospects. Although it remains too soon to determine the effects of these programs on watershed services, early evidence indicates that they are resulting in vulnerable land being retired from cultivation supported, in some...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: China; Environment; Payments for ecosystem services; Vietnam; Well-being.
Ano: 2012
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A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy AgEcon
Jaffe, Adam B.; Newell, Richard G.; Stavins, Robert N..
Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Technology; Research and development; Environment; Externality; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O38; Q28; H23.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10815
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A Theoretical Approach to Tourism Sustainability Ecology and Society
Casagrandi, Renato; Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano; casagran@elet.polimi.it; Rinaldi, Sergio; CIRITA, Politecnico di Milano; rinaldi@elet.polimi.it.
This paper shows that it is difficult, if not impossible, to formulate policies that guarantee that tourism can be maintained for a long time without severely impacting on the environment. The analysis is purely theoretical and is based on very simple and general assumptions about the interactions between the three main components of the system: the tourists, the environment, and the capital. These assumptions are encapsulated in a so-called minimal model, used to predict the economic and environmental impact of any given policy. This paper is of value for three reasons. First, it introduces the approach of minimal descriptive models in the context of tourism, which has traditionally been dominated by the use of black-box econometric models. Second, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Bifurcation analysis; Environment; Model; Nonlinear dynamics; Sustainability; Tourism.
Ano: 2002
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Abatement Technology and the Environment-Growth Nexus with Education AgEcon
Pautrel, Xavier.
This article challenges the conventional result that a tighter environmental tax has no long-run effect on human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final output production. It demonstrates that the technology used in the abatement sector determines the existence and the direction of the growth-effect. A tighter environmental tax rises (respectively reduces) human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final production, if the abatement sector is relatively more intensive in human (resp. physical) capital than final sector. That result always holds for finite lifetime but for infinite lifetime it only holds when labor supply is endogenous. The transitional impact of a tighter environmental policy is also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Overlapping Generations; Human Capital; Abatement; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101379
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Abelhas, prazer em tê-las. Infoteca-e
PEREIRA, F. de M.; LOPES, M. T. do R.; SOUZA, B. de A..
Você sabe que as abelhas são insetos? Os insetos são os seres mais adaptados do planeta e considerados a forma de vida dominante na Terra! Isso porque existem mais de setecentas mil espécies de insetos. São tantos e com formas de corpo tão diferentes que às vezes é difícil reconhecê-los. Mas todos eles têm algumas características em comum. Você quer saber o que abelha, borboleta, gafanhoto, pulga, formiga e mosca têm em comum? Todos têm um par de antena, três pares de pernas e um esqueleto externo, chamado de exoesqueleto. Existem outras semelhanças e várias diferenças. Alguns insetos, como o mosquito da dengue, causam doenças e são nocivos. Mas a maioria tem um importante papel na vida humana e de outros animais. Entre os insetos importantes, as abelhas...
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Abelha; Inseto; Meio Ambiente; Honey bees; Insects; Environment.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1124768
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Adoption of Environmental Best Practice Amongst Dairy Farmers AgEcon
Bewsell, Denise; Kaine, Geoff.
The adoption of environmental management practices is addressed in this paper. The use of consumer behaviour theory and a market research approach is discussed by describing how it was used in the study. Qualitative methods were used to gather data from dairy farmers in four New Zealand catchments. The environmental practices explored were; excluding stock from waterways, reducing phosphorus use, improving soil macroporosity, managing effluent and improving the efficiency of border-dyke irrigation. The findings are discussed, highlighting that farm contextual factors influenced farmers’ decision making in terms of adopting environmental management practices. The results suggest that environmental practices need to be linked to farm context. This should...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environment; Adoption; Dairy farms; Context; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98494
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AGRICULTURA sem queima: programa 22: Norte. Infoteca-e
O Prosa Rural desta semana fala sobre agricultura sem queima, uma opção sustentável para a o meio ambiente e para a saúde do produtor. Quem acompanhar o pesquisador Silas Garcia, da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, vai conhecer as razões pelas quais não se deve usar o fogo na agricultura. Vai conhecer ainda os passos dessa prática, na qual se faz o corte da capoeira, a trituração e a distribuição uniforme dos pequenos fragmentos da vegetação sobre o solo, para, em seguida, realizar o plantio de frutas, verduras ou hortaliças. O programa também fala sobre os resultados positivos de produtividade, obtido pela agricultura sem queima.
Tipo: Prosa Rural (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Agricultura; Meio Ambiente; Fogo; Capoeira; Queimada; Environment; Agriculture; Fires.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1092856
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Agricultural Insurance as an Environmental Policy Tool AgEcon
Coble, Keith H.; Hanson, Terrill R.; Miller, J. Corey; Shaik, Saleem.
This paper examines the possibility that insurance for row crops, livestock, and aquaculture can be used effectively to encourage producers to adopt practices that will improve environmental behavior. Examples of agricultural environmental insurance are provided and considered in the context of alternative policy mechanisms. The current state of agricultural insurance and the nonagricultural environmental insurance market are explored. We also lay out the characteristics of an insurable risk along with the theoretical basis of insurance provision. An empirical example of an environmental insurance design is provided, and the behavioral implications of such a design are examined. Finally, we discuss important considerations that should be evaluated...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Environment; Insurance; Liability; D81; G22; H23; K13; Q18.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43214
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Agriculture and Environmental Issues in Free Trade Agreements AgEcon
Colyer, Dale.
Including environmental issues in trade agreements is controversial, although these issues are an integral part of the NAFTA and WTO agreements as well as being the subject of numerous multilateral environmental treaties and agreements. Despite its inclusion, many members are opposed to allowing the environment an extensive role in the WTO. Nonetheless, the Doha Ministerial Declaration recognizes the environment in negotiating the next trade liberalization agreement. Agriculture and agricultural trade, which were integrated with international trade disciplines in the Uruguay Round, have environmental implications, and the inclusion of agriculture in the WTO introduces complex issues that also have environmental consequences.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Doha Round; Environment; Trade liberalization; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23879
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Agriculture, Environmental Services and Agro-Tourism in the Dominican Republic AgEcon
Catalino, Alejandro Herrera; Lizardo, Magdalena.
This paper analyzes the links between agriculture and tourism. A contingent valuation study assesses tourist's willingness to pay (WTP) for agro-tourism and agriculture's positive environmental services and related positive externalities. The paper analyzes factors influencing tourist preferences in the Dominican Republic (DR) -- tourist income, the local tourist destination, sex, and nationality stand out among these factors. Estimates are given for different WTP scenarios according to farming systems. The study argues that a well developed agro-tourism industry would result in a market mechanism generating additional income of US $251 to US $364 million annually. Agro-tourist activities would have the added benefit of promoting sustainable agricultural...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Dominican Republic; Contingent valuation; Environment; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12008
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Agri-environmental conservation – the case for an environmental levy AgEcon
Crean, Jason.
Recent environmental assessments have highlighted the extent of land degradation in Australia and the significant costs involved in addressing it. With projected investment costs running into tens of billions of dollars, it is not surprising that greater attention is now being focussed on who should pay. One idea gathering significant momentum has been the imposition of an environmental levy. Such a levy would raise public funds to be spent on resource degradation issues and has been proposed to work through the taxation system in a similar fashion to the Medicare levy, albeit for a more limited 10 year period. The paper assesses the arguments behind the imposition of an environmental levy and considers some of the issues associated with its effective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environment; Cost-sharing; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57856
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